What is the major function of selenium in the body?

Selenium plays a critical role in the body primarily as an antioxidant, particularly in conjunction with Vitamin E. Together, they help to protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which can lead to various chronic diseases and aging. Selenium is a component of certain enzymes known as selenoproteins, which include glutathione peroxidase, an important antioxidant enzyme. This enzyme helps to neutralize peroxide and prevents damage to cell membranes and other structures, enhancing overall cellular health.

The importance of selenium in antioxidant defense is particularly evident in its relationship with Vitamin E. While Vitamin E directly protects cell membranes from oxidative stress, selenium supports this action and ensures the regeneration of Vitamin E after it neutralizes free radicals. This synergistic relationship between selenium and Vitamin E is crucial for maintaining the body's oxidative balance and promoting health.

In contrast, hormonal regulation, calcium absorption, and fat storage are functions attributed to other vitamins or minerals, making them less relevant in the context of selenium's major role in the body.